Mu mpeshyi yuyu mwaka, Abanyamerika bari buzuye ibitekerezo byinganda zabo.Muri Werurwe, hubatswe imyanda na bulldozer mu Ntara ya Lijin, muri Leta ya Ohio, muri Amerika, ahazubakwa uruganda rukora chip.Intel izashiraho “inganda za wafer” ebyiri, zitwara hafi miliyari 20 z'amadolari.Mu ijambo rye muri Leta y'Ubumwe, Perezida Biden yavuze ko iki gihugu ari “igihugu cy'inzozi”.Yinubiye ko iyi ari “ibuye ry'ifatizo ry'ejo hazaza h’Amerika”.
Icyorezo cyicyorezo mu myaka yashize cyerekanye akamaro ka chipi mubuzima bwa none.Isabwa rya tekinoroji zitandukanye zikoreshwa na chip riracyiyongera, kandi tekinoroji ikoreshwa mubice byinshi muri iki gihe.Kongere y’Amerika irimo gusuzuma umushinga w'itegeko rya chip, isezeranya gutanga inkunga ingana na miliyari 52 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu nganda zo mu gihugu kugira ngo igabanye Amerika gushingira ku nganda zikomoka mu mahanga ndetse no gutera inkunga imishinga nk'uruganda rwa Intel rwa Ohio.
Ariko, nyuma y'amezi atandatu, izo nzozi zasaga ninzozi mbi.Ibisabwa kuri silicon bisa nkaho bigabanuka vuba nkuko byakuze mugihe cyicyorezo.
Micron Technologies Chip Uruganda
Nk’uko urubuga rwa The Economist rubitangaza ku ya 17 Ukwakira, mu mpera za Nzeri, kugurisha buri gihembwe Micron Technologies, uruganda rukora chip yibuka ifite icyicaro i Idaho, rwagabanutseho 20% umwaka ushize.Nyuma yicyumweru, isosiyete ikora chip ya Californiya Chaowei Semiconductor yagabanije igurishwa ryayo mugihembwe cya gatatu ho 16%.Bloomberg yatangaje ko Intel yashyize ahagaragara raporo yayo iheruka buri gihembwe ku ya 27 Ukwakira. Urukurikirane rw'ibisubizo bibi rushobora gukomeza, hanyuma isosiyete irateganya kwirukana abakozi ibihumbi.Kuva muri Nyakanga, amasosiyete agera kuri 30 akomeye ya chip muri Amerika yagabanije amafaranga yinjira mu gihembwe cya gatatu ava kuri miliyari 99 agera kuri miliyari 88.Kugeza ubu, muri uyu mwaka, agaciro k’isoko ry’inganda ziciriritse zanditswe muri Amerika zaragabanutseho amadolari arenga miliyoni 1.5.
Nk’uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza, inganda za chip nazo zizwi cyane kubera igihe cyagenwe mu gihe cyiza: bizatwara imyaka myinshi yo kubaka ubushobozi bushya kugira ngo ishobore kwiyongera, hanyuma icyifuzo ntikizaba gishyushye cyera.Muri Amerika, guverinoma iteza imbere iki cyiciro.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi byumvise cyane ibijyanye n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi.Mudasobwa yihariye na terefone zigendanwa hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyari 600 z'amadolari yo kugurisha chip buri mwaka.Bitewe no gukabya mugihe cyicyorezo, abaguzi bahuye nifaranga bagura ibicuruzwa bike kandi bike bya elegitoroniki.Gartner iteganya ko igurishwa rya terefone rigabanuka 6% muri uyu mwaka, mu gihe kugurisha PC bizagabanuka 10%.Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, Intel yabwiye abashoramari ko iteganya ko icyifuzo cya mudasobwa ku giti cye kizagenda cyiyongera mu myaka itanu iri imbere.Ariko, biragaragara ko kugura byinshi mugihe cyicyorezo cya COVID-19 byateye imbere, kandi ibigo nkibi birahindura ibyifuzo byabo.
Abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko ikibazo gikurikiraho gishobora gukwirakwira mu tundi turere.Kugura ubwoba mugihe cyibura rya chip kwisi yose umwaka ushize byaviriyemo ububiko bwa silicon burenze kubakora amamodoka menshi nabakora ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi.Ubushakashatsi bushya bwo mu muhanda bwagaragaje ko kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Kamena, ugereranije no kugurisha ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda by’inganda byari hejuru ya 40% ugereranije n’amateka.Abakora PC hamwe namasosiyete yimodoka nabo bafite ububiko bwiza.Intel Corporation na Micron Technologies bavuze ko igice cyimikorere idahwitse cyibitseho byinshi.
Isoko ryinshi kandi ridakenewe risanzwe rigira ingaruka kubiciro.Dukurikije amakuru ya Future Vision, igiciro cyibikoresho byo kwibuka byagabanutseho bibiri bya gatanu mu mwaka ushize.Igiciro cya logic logic itunganya amakuru kandi ntigicuruzwa cyane kuruta chip yibuka yagabanutseho 3% mugihe kimwe.
Byongeye kandi, ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal cyo muri Amerika cyatangaje ko Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashora imari mu murima wa chip, ariko isi imaze gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo guteza imbere inganda zikora chip ahantu hose, ibyo bikaba binatuma imbaraga z’Amerika zishobora kuba a mirage.Koreya y'Epfo ifite gahunda nyinshi zo gushishikariza gushora imari ya miliyari 260 z'amadolari mu myaka itanu iri imbere.Ubuyapani bushora hafi miliyari 6 z'amadolari kugira ngo bwikubye kabiri amafaranga yinjira mu mpera z'iyi myaka icumi.
Mubyukuri, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika Semiconductor Industry Association, itsinda ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda, naryo ryemeje ko hafi bitatu bya kane by’ubushobozi bwo gukora chip ku isi ubu bikwirakwizwa muri Aziya.Amerika yari ifite 13 ku ijana gusa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-03-2022