[Global Times raporo yuzuye] “Uburyo bwa Amerika ni 'siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga hegemony'.”Ku bijyanye n'icyifuzo cya guverinoma y'Amerika isaba ko amasosiyete abiri yo muri chip yo muri Amerika areka kohereza ibicuruzwa mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mahanga mu Bushinwa, umuvugizi wa Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga mu Bushinwa, Wang Wenbin, ku ya 1 Nzeri yagize ati: "Ubushinwa burabyamagana."Igiciro cyimigabane ya NVIDIA na AMD, cyagize ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mbogamizi nshya z’Amerika, cyaragabanutse.Ku ya 31 Kanama, bagabanutseho 6,6% na 3,7%.NVIDIA yavuze ko muri iki gihembwe ishobora kugurisha miliyoni 400 z'amadolari.Noneho, imikorere y'abakora chip y'Abanyamerika iri mugihe kitoroshye.Nk’uko Shu jueting, umuvugizi wa minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa yabivuze, uburyo Amerika izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z’inganda.Mu gihe runaka, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zagiye zishyiraho ingamba zo guhagarika iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa.Ku ngamba ziheruka zo gukumira, Reuters yizera ko “ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cyo kuzamura igitero cy’Amerika ku bushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa”.Umusesenguzi w’imbere mu gihugu wabajijwe n’ibihe by’isi ku ya 1 yavuze ko ku ruhande rumwe, tugomba kuba maso ko Amerika izakomeza gutera “guhuriza hamwe” kurwanya inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, ariko ku rundi ruhande, ibyoherezwa muri Amerika kubuza kandi ni amahirwe yo guteza imbere iterambere ryiterambere ryimbere mu gihugu, rifite imikoranire idahagije hagati yimbere no hepfo.
NVIDIA yakubiswe cyane avuga ko ivugana nabakiriya b’abashinwa
Nk’uko urubuga CNBC rwo muri Amerika rwabitangaje ku ya 1 Nzeri, mu nyandiko yashyikirijwe komisiyo ishinzwe kugurizanya no kugurizanya muri Amerika (SEC), NVIDIA yavuze ko yakiriye icyifuzo gishya cya guverinoma y'Amerika ku ya 26 Kanama kugira ngo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biri imbere chip mu Bushinwa (harimo na Hong Kong).Iki cyemezo ngo gikemura ibibazo by’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano bikoreshwa cyangwa bikoreshwa mu Bushinwa “gukoresha amaherezo ya gisirikare” cyangwa “umukoresha wa nyuma”.
Ku ya 31 Kanama, New York Times yasubiyemo NVIDIA ivuga ko ingamba nshya zizagira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa A100 isanzweho ndetse n’ibicuruzwa H100 biteganijwe ko bizashyirwa ahagaragara mu mpera zuyu mwaka.NVIDIA yizera ko amabwiriza ya guverinoma y’Amerika ashobora kwangiza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurangiza iterambere rya H100 mu gihe cyangwa gushyigikira abakiriya bariho ba A100.Biravugwa ko uku kubuzwa gukurikizwa no mu Burusiya, ariko NVIDIA ntabwo igurisha ibicuruzwa mu Burusiya muri iki gihe.
Umuvugizi wa AMD yatangarije Reuters ko iyi sosiyete yakiriye kandi icyifuzo gishya cya guverinoma, kikaba kizatuma ihagarika kugurisha imashini z’ubwenge za mi250 mu Bushinwa.Amd yemera ko chip ya mi100 idakwiye kugira ingaruka.
Reuters yavuze ko Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi yo muri Amerika itazagaragaza amahame mashya yashyizeho mu kohereza ibicuruzwa bya AI mu Bushinwa mu mahanga, ariko akavuga ko Minisiteri irimo gusuzuma politiki n’imikorere bijyanye n’Ubushinwa kugira ngo “ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ritagwa mu maboko adakwiye. abantu ”.
Ku bijyanye n’ingamba nshya zafashwe n’Amerika, umuvugizi wa Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubushinwa, Wang Wenbin, ku ya 1 Nzeri yavuze ko Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize mu bikorwa politiki, zikoresha ibikoresho kandi zikoresha intwaro mu bumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, bishora mu “gukumira tekiniki” no “gukuramo ikoranabuhanga ”, Yagerageje kwiharira kwiharira ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga byateye imbere ku isi, kurinda ubutegetsi bwite bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, no guhungabanya urwego mpuzamahanga ku nganda no gutanga amasoko y'ubufatanye bwa hafi, byanze bikunze bizananirana.
Ati: “Uruhande rwa Amerika rugomba guhita ruhagarika imikorere yarwo, rugafata neza imishinga y'ibihugu byose, harimo n'inganda z'Abashinwa, kandi igakora byinshi kugira ngo ubukungu bwifashe neza ku isi.”Kuri uwo munsi, umuvugizi wa minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa, Shu jueting na we yasubije iki kibazo.
Nkuko Shu jueting yabivuze, uburyo bw’Amerika ntibwangiza gusa uburenganzira n’inyungu zemewe n’ibigo by’Ubushinwa, ahubwo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z’inganda z’Abanyamerika.Ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal cyatangaje ku ya 1 Nzeri ko NVIDIA ari yo ikora chip ifite agaciro gakomeye muri Amerika, kandi ko yiganje ku isoko mu bijyanye n’ubwonko bw’ubwenge.Ariko, ishyirwaho ryamabwiriza mashya i Washington rije mugihe kitoroshye kubakora chip.Kubera ifaranga rikomeye hamwe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi, ubushobozi bw’imikoreshereze y’abantu bwarabujijwe, kandi icyifuzo cya mudasobwa, imikino yo kuri videwo, telefone zigendanwa n’ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyaragabanutse.
NVIDIA mu itangazo ryayo yavuze ko ivugana n’abakiriya b’abashinwa kugira ngo bashobore gukoresha ibindi bicuruzwa by’isosiyete kugira ngo babone ibyo bateganya kugura cyangwa ejo hazaza.Isosiyete irateganya gusaba guverinoma y’Amerika gusonerwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko “nta garanti” ivuga ko izemezwa.CNBC yavuze ko niba inganda z’Abashinwa ziyemeje kutagura ibicuruzwa bitangwa na NVIDIA, aba nyuma bazatakaza miliyoni 400 z’amadolari yo kugurisha muri iki gihembwe.NVIDIA mu cyumweru gishize yahanuye ko kugurisha mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy'uyu mwaka bizagabanukaho 17% umwaka ushize kugera kuri miliyari 5.9.Raporo y’imari yashyizwe ahagaragara n’uru ruganda, amafaranga yinjije mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ushize yari miliyari 26.91 z'amadolari y’Amerika, naho amafaranga yinjira mu Bushinwa (harimo na Hong Kong) yari miliyari 7.11 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 26.4%.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal kibitangaza, NVIDIA yemera ko niyo guverinoma y'Amerika yemera ko hajyaho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, abanywanyi bashobora kubyungukiramo, nk'abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu Bushinwa, Isiraheli ndetse no mu bihugu by'Uburayi, kubera ko “inzira yo gutanga impushya zizatuma ibicuruzwa byacu ndetse no gushyigikira akazi bigoye kandi bidashidikanywaho, kandi ushishikarize abakiriya b'Abashinwa gushaka ubundi buryo ”.Amd yizera ko amabwiriza mashya atazagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bwayo.
Iyi ntambwe nshya ya Washington yanashimishije itangazamakuru kuri icyo kirwa.NVIDIA na AMD ni abakiriya 10 ba mbere ba TSMC, bangana na 10% byinjira.Niba ibicuruzwa byabo byoherejwe bigabanutse, bizanagira ingaruka ku mikorere ya TSMC, nkuko byatangajwe na Zhongshi yo muri Tayiwani ku ya 1.Nk’uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza, kubera ingaruka z’igabanuka ry’imigabane y’Amerika no gushyiraho uburyo butunguranye bwo kubuza kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byo mu bwoko bwa chip yo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri Amerika, imigabane ya Tayiwani yafunguye hasi igabanuka ku ya 1.Mugihe cyo gusoza, "bagabanutse" amanota agera kuri 300, kandi igiciro cyimigabane ya TSMC cyamanutse munsi ya NT $ 500 mubucuruzi bwambere.
Gushiraho "imikorere yimikorere" ya chip yoherezwa mubushinwa?
Umuyobozi w’inganda wabajijwe n’ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal yasesenguye ko iryo tegeko ryerekeye kutagira ingaruka kuri NVIDIA na AMD gusa, ahubwo ko rishyiraho “urwego rw’imikorere” ku zindi chip zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikorana n’ubumenyi bw’ubukorikori bwoherezwa mu Bushinwa.Nk’uko Reuters ibibona, uburyo bushya bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga “bugaragaza ko hazamutse cyane igitero cy’Amerika ku bushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa”.
Ikinyamakuru New York Times cyizera ko ingamba nshya zafashwe mu Bushinwa n'Uburusiya ari zo leta ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika igerageza gukoresha imashanyarazi nk'igikoresho cyo kubuza abanywanyi gutera imbere muri mudasobwa zikora cyane, ubwenge bw’ubukorikori ndetse no mu zindi nzego.Guhagarika ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biri mu mbaraga z’Amerika n’Ubushinwa mu guhatanira umwanya wa mbere w’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Biravugwa ko chip ya A100, H100 na mi250 zose ari ibicuruzwa bya GPU (gutunganya ibishushanyo).Mubikorwa byumwuga, GPU nisoko yingenzi yingufu zo kubara mubice byamakuru, mudasobwa zikora cyane nubwenge bwubuhanga.Reuters yavuze ko niba imashini zo mu rwego rwo hejuru z’inganda z’Abanyamerika nka NVIDIA na AMD zidahari, ubushobozi bw’inganda zo mu Bushinwa bwo gukora ibikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko kwerekana amashusho no kumenyekanisha amajwi bizacika intege.Kumenyekanisha amashusho no gutunganya ururimi karemano birasanzwe mubisabwa na terefone yubwenge, nko gusubiza ibibazo byabakoresha no gushyira amafoto.Iyi mirimo kandi ifite ibikorwa bya gisirikare, nko gushakisha amashusho ya satelite arimo intwaro cyangwa ibirindiro bya gisirikare, no gushungura ibiri mu itumanaho rya sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru.
Ni amahirwe kandi ku Bushinwa
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal kibitangaza ngo bimaze kuba akamenyero ko Amerika ishyiraho amategeko abuza ubucuruzi n'Ubushinwa ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.Hagati muri Kanama, Amerika yatangaje ko igenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku ikoranabuhanga bine, harimo ibikoresho bya software bya EDA.Itegeko rya 2022 rya chip na siyanse ryashyizweho umukono na Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika Biden ku ya 9 Kanama riteganya ko inganda zihabwa inkunga na leta zidashobora kongera cyane umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa “byateye imbere” mu Bushinwa (muri rusange bifatwa nk'ibicuruzwa biri munsi ya 28nm).Byongeye kandi, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika byatangaje mu mpera za Nyakanga ko amasosiyete abiri y’ibikoresho bikoresha chip muri Amerika yemeje ko Washington yabasabye kudatanga ibikoresho byo gukora chipi ya 14 nm no munsi y’Ubushinwa.
Gu Wenjun, umusesenguzi mukuru w’ubujyanama bwa SMIC, yatangarije ibihe by’isi ku ya 1 ko mu gushyiraho ingamba zifatika, Amerika ishaka guhagarika iterambere ry’imikoranire ihanitse y’Ubushinwa mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.Ku ikubitiro, ryemereye Huawei na ZTE mu gice cya nyuma, nyuma ryibasira Hisilicon mu bijyanye no gushushanya chip na SMIC mu bijyanye no gukora chip.Gu Wenjun yavuze ko mu gihe gito, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zizeye "gucikamo ibice" no "guca urunigi" Ubushinwa mu gice cy’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye rya chip.Mu gihe giciriritse cyangwa kirekire, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zirizera ko n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo batazongera kwishingikiriza cyane ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa no kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha ry’ibicuruzwa n’Ubushinwa.
“Guhagarika chip muri Amerika ntibishobora guhagarika iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.”Ibiro ntaramakuru by’Uburusiya byavuze ko intiti zavuze ko mu nganda zikora za semiconductor, harimo n’Ubushinwa, ikoranabuhanga rya 28nm riracyari ishingiro ry’abakora inganda nyinshi kugira ngo bakomeze inyungu kandi bagire uruhare mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.Tekinoroji ya chip yateye imbere rwose ni ingirakamaro rwose, ariko iracyafite umubare muto winganda zose za semiconductor.Ku bijyanye n’uko ingamba zo gukumira Amerika zizagira ingaruka ndende ku Bushinwa, biterwa n’iterambere ry’inganda n’ibishushanyo mbonera by’inganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri.Mu myaka 10 kugeza kuri 20, iterambere ryinganda rigomba guhinduka kandi ikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora kugaragara.
Ati: “Dufatiye ku bundi buryo, guhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Amerika na byo ni amahirwe ku nganda zikomoka mu gihugu.Mbere, nta mikoranire ihagije yari hagati y’imishinga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru no mu nsi yo hasi mu rwego rw’inganda zikomoka mu gihugu, ariko mu gihe kiri imbere, tuzakomeza gushimangira gusimburana mu gihugu. ”Han Xiaomin, umuyobozi mukuru w’ubujyanama bwa Jiwei, yabwiye ibihe by’isi yose ko inganda z’inganda zo mu gihugu zigomba gushingira ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, zigashyiraho buhoro buhoro urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rw’inganda, kandi rukazamura ubushobozi bw’inganda zirwanya ingaruka, guhangana ndetse n’ingaruka ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2022